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HISTORY of
CAPPADOCIA
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Prehistoric Period
Traces of Prehistoric cultures in Cappadocia can most easily
be found around KöskHoyuk/Nigde, Asiklihoyuk/Aksaray and in
the Civelek cave near Nevsehir. Excavations in these three
areas are still taking place.
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Assyrian Trade Colonies
Periods
Mining and metallurgy reached its peak in Anatolia during
the Early Bronze Age. Major developments were observed in
Northern Anatolia towards the end of this period.
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 Hittite
Period
People coming from Europe via the Caucasus, and settling in
Cappadocia around 2000 BC, formed an Empire in the region
merging with the native people of the area. Their language
was of Indo-European origin.
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 Late
Hittite Kingdom
After the Phrygians destroyed all the important towns in
Central Anatolia eliminating the Hittite Empire, fragments
of the Late Hittite Kingdoms sprang up around central and
southeast Anatolia.
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 Persian
Empire
and Cappadocia
The Cimmerians ended the Phrygian reign, and were then
followed by the Medes (585BC) and the Persians (547 BC). The
Persians divided the empire into semi autonomous provinces
and ruled the area using governors who were known as ‘satraps’.
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Roman Period
The wars came to an end in 17AD when Tiberius conquered
Cappadocia and placed it under Roman rule. After the
conquest, the Romans reconstructed the road to the west that
was of both commercial and military significance.
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 Byzantine
Period
When the Roman Empire divided into two, Cappadocia fell
under the eastern region. In the early 7th century there
were severe wars between the Sassanid and Byzantine armies,
and for 6 or 7 years the Sassanids held the area.
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Seljuk Period
The arrival of the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia marked the
beginning of a new era in history. After their victories in
Iran and Mesopotamia, Turks rapidly spread throughout
Anatolia, settling there in the second half of the 11th
century.
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 Ottoman
Period
The Region of Cappadocia was very peaceful also during the
Ottoman Period. Nevsehir was a small village in the province
of Nigde until the time of Damat Ibrahim Pasha.
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 First
Travelers at Cappadocia
Europeans discovered the Region of Cappadocia, which has
been occupied by many civilisations at the beginning of the
18th century.
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